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| The Postfix sendmail(1) command implements the Postfix to Sendmail com‐
patibility interface. For the sake of compatibility with existing
applications, some Sendmail command-line options are recognized but
silently ignored.
By default, Postfix sendmail(1) reads a message from standard input
until EOF or until it reads a line with only a . character, and
arranges for delivery. Postfix sendmail(1) relies on the postdrop(1)
command to create a queue file in the maildrop directory.
Specific command aliases are provided for other common modes of opera‐
tion:
mailq List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue file ID, message
size, arrival time, sender, and the recipients that still need
to be delivered. If mail could not be delivered upon the last
attempt, the reason for failure is shown. The queue ID string is
followed by an optional status character:
* The message is in the active queue, i.e. the message is
selected for delivery.
! The message is in the hold queue, i.e. no further deliv‐
ery attempt will be made until the mail is taken off
hold.
This mode of operation is implemented by executing the
postqueue(1) command.
newaliases
Initialize the alias database. If no input file is specified
(with the -oA option, see below), the program processes the
file(s) specified with the alias_database configuration parame‐
ter. If no alias database type is specified, the program uses
the type specified with the default_database_type configuration
parameter. This mode of operation is implemented by running the
postalias(1) command.
Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias database update
becomes visible. Use the "postfix reload" command to eliminate
this delay.
These and other features can be selected by specifying the appropriate
combination of command-line options. Some features are controlled by
parameters in the main.cf configuration file.
The following options are recognized:
-Am (ignored)
-Ac (ignored)
Postfix sendmail uses the same configuration file regardless of
whether or not a message is an initial submission.
-B body_type
The message body MIME type: 7BIT or 8BITMIME.
-bd Go into daemon mode. This mode of operation is implemented by
executing the "postfix start" command.
-bh (ignored)
-bH (ignored)
Postfix has no persistent host status database.
-bi Initialize alias database. See the newaliases command above.
-bl Go into daemon mode. To accept only local connections as with
Sendmail´s -bl option, specify "inet_interfaces = loopback" in
the Postfix main.cf configuration file.
-bm Read mail from standard input and arrange for delivery. This is
the default mode of operation.
-bp List the mail queue. See the mailq command above.
-bs Stand-alone SMTP server mode. Read SMTP commands from standard
input, and write responses to standard output. In stand-alone
SMTP server mode, mail relaying and other access controls are
disabled by default. To enable them, run the process as the
mail_owner user.
This mode of operation is implemented by running the smtpd(8)
daemon.
-bv Do not collect or deliver a message. Instead, send an email
report after verifying each recipient address. This is useful
for testing address rewriting and routing configurations.
This feature is available in Postfix version 2.1 and later.
-C config_file
-C config_dir
The path name of the Postfix main.cf file, or of its parent
directory. This information is ignored with Postfix versions
before 2.3.
With Postfix version 3.2 and later, a non-default directory must
be authorized in the default main.cf file, through the alter‐
nate_config_directories or multi_instance_directories parame‐
ters.
With all Postfix versions, you can specify a directory pathname
with the MAIL_CONFIG environment variable to override the loca‐
tion of configuration files.
-F full_name
Set the sender full name. This overrides the NAME environment
variable, and is used only with messages that have no From: mes‐
sage header.
-f sender
Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where
delivery problems are sent to. With Postfix versions before 2.1,
the Errors-To: message header overrides the error return
address.
-G Gateway (relay) submission, as opposed to initial user submis‐
sion. Either do not rewrite addresses at all, or update incom‐
plete addresses with the domain information specified with
remote_header_rewrite_domain.
This option is ignored before Postfix version 2.3.
-h hop_count (ignored)
Hop count limit. Use the hopcount_limit configuration parameter
instead.
-I Initialize alias database. See the newaliases command above.
-i When reading a message from standard input, don´t treat a line
with only a . character as the end of input.
-L label (ignored)
The logging label. Use the syslog_name configuration parameter
instead.
-m (ignored)
Backwards compatibility.
-N dsn (default: 'delay, failure')
Delivery status notification control. Specify either a
comma-separated list with one or more of failure (send notifica‐
tion when delivery fails), delay (send notification when deliv‐
ery is delayed), or success (send notification when the message
is delivered); or specify never (don't send any notifications at
all).
This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later.
-n (ignored)
Backwards compatibility.
-oAalias_database
Non-default alias database. Specify pathname or type:pathname.
See postalias(1) for details.
-O option=value (ignored)
Set the named option to value. Use the equivalent configuration
parameter in main.cf instead.
-o7 (ignored)
-o8 (ignored)
To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate MIME encap‐
sulation and specify the appropriate -B command-line option.
-oi When reading a message from standard input, don´t treat a line
with only a . character as the end of input.
-om (ignored)
The sender is never eliminated from alias etc. expansions.
-o x value (ignored)
Set option x to value. Use the equivalent configuration parame‐
ter in main.cf instead.
-r sender
Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where
delivery problems are sent to. With Postfix versions before 2.1,
the Errors-To: message header overrides the error return
address.
-R return
Delivery status notification control. Specify "hdrs" to return
only the header when a message bounces, "full" to return a full
copy (the default behavior).
The -R option specifies an upper bound; Postfix will return only
the header, when a full copy would exceed the bounce_size_limit
setting.
This option is ignored before Postfix version 2.10.
-q Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is implemented by exe‐
cuting the postqueue(1) command.
Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in
poor delivery performance of all other mail.
-qinterval (ignored)
The interval between queue runs. Use the queue_run_delay config‐
uration parameter instead.
-qIqueueid
Schedule immediate delivery of mail with the specified queue ID.
This option is implemented by executing the postqueue(1) com‐
mand, and is available with Postfix version 2.4 and later.
-qRsite
Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is queued for the
named site. This option accepts only site names that are eligi‐
ble for the "fast flush" service, and is implemented by execut‐
ing the postqueue(1) command. See flush(8) for more information
about the "fast flush" service.
-qSsite
This command is not implemented. Use the slower "sendmail -q"
command instead.
-t Extract recipients from message headers. These are added to any
recipients specified on the command line.
With Postfix versions prior to 2.1, this option requires that no
recipient addresses are specified on the command line.
-U (ignored)
Initial user submission.
-V envid
Specify the envelope ID for notification by servers that support
DSN.
This feature is available in Postfix 2.3 and later.
-XV (Postfix 2.2 and earlier: -V)
Variable Envelope Return Path. Given an envelope sender address
of the form owner-listname@origin, each recipient user@domain
receives mail with a personalized envelope sender address.
By default, the personalized envelope sender address is
owner-listname+user=domain@origin. The default + and = charac‐
ters are configurable with the default_verp_delimiters configu‐
ration parameter.
-XVxy (Postfix 2.2 and earlier: -Vxy)
As -XV, but uses x and y as the VERP delimiter characters,
instead of the characters specified with the default_verp_delim‐
iters configuration parameter.
-v Send an email report of the first delivery attempt (Postfix ver‐
sions 2.1 and later). Mail delivery always happens in the back‐
ground. When multiple -v options are given, enable verbose log‐
ging for debugging purposes.
-X log_file (ignored)
Log mailer traffic. Use the debug_peer_list and debug_peer_level
configuration parameters instead.
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