1. nosql

redis 4.2.0 merged aioredis-迁移小计

背景

Add Async Support #1899

https://github.com/redis/redis-py/pull/1899

Version 4.2.0-rc1

https://github.com/redis/redis-py/releases/tag/v4.2.0rc1


迁移

官方做法

https://github.com/aio-libs/aioredis-py

Aioredis is now in redis-py 4.2.0rc1+
To install, just do pip install redis>=4.2.0rc1. The code is almost the exact same. You will just need to import like so:

from redis import asyncio as aioredis

This way you don’t have to change all your code, just the imports.

我的做法

统一使用redis库，去掉aioredis库及概念，适用于仅用异步方式使用redis场景。

aioredis【迁移前】
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# 引入库
import aioredis

from aioredis.exceptions import DataError, ResponseError


pool = aioredis.ConnectionPool.from_url(url,  decode_responses=True)
connection = aioredis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)
redis 【迁移后】
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import redis.asyncio as redis  

from redis.exceptions import DataError, ResponseError


pool = redis.ConnectionPool.from_url(url, decode_responses=True)
connection = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)

Help on class Redis in module redis.client 

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'''Help on class Redis in module redis.client:'''

class Redis(builtins.object)
    Redis(
    	host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, password=None, socket_timeout=None, 
    	socket_connect_timeout=None, socket_keepalive=None, 
    	socket_keepalive_options=None, connection_pool=None, 
    	unix_socket_path=None, encoding='utf-8', encoding_errors='strict', 
    	charset=None, errors=None, decode_responses=False, 
    	retry_on_timeout=False, ssl=False, ssl_keyfile=None, ssl_certfile=None, 
    	ssl_cert_reqs='required', ssl_ca_certs=None, max_connections=None
    )
    
    '''
    Implementation of the Redis protocol.
    
    This abstract class provides a Python interface to all Redis commands
    and an implementation of the Redis protocol.
    
    Connection and Pipeline derive from this, implementing how
    the commands are sent and received to the Redis server
    
    Methods defined here:
    '''
    __contains__ = exists(self, *names)
    
    __delitem__(self, name)
    
    __getitem__(self, name)
        '''Return the value at key ``name``, raises a KeyError if the key
        doesn't exist.'''
    
    __init__(self, host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, password=None, socket_timeout=None, socket_connect_timeout=None, socket_keepalive=None, socket_keepalive_options=None, connection_pool=None, unix_socket_path=None, encoding='utf-8', encoding_errors='strict', charset=None, errors=None, decode_responses=False, retry_on_timeout=False, ssl=False, ssl_keyfile=None, ssl_certfile=None, ssl_cert_reqs='required', ssl_ca_certs=None, max_connections=None)
        '''Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.'''
    
    __repr__(self)
    	'''Return repr(self).'''
    
    __setitem__(self, name, value)
    
    append(self, key, value)
        '''
        Appends the string ``value`` to the value at ``key``. If ``key``
        doesn't already exist, create it with a value of ``value``.
        Returns the new length of the value at ``key``.
    	'''

    bgrewriteaof(self)
    	'''
        Tell the Redis server to rewrite the AOF file from data in memory.
    	'''

    bgsave(self)
        '''
        Tell the Redis server to save its data to disk.  Unlike save(),
        this method is asynchronous and returns immediately.
    	'''

    bitcount(self, key, start=None, end=None)
        '''
        Returns the count of set bits in the value of ``key``.  Optional
        ``start`` and ``end`` paramaters indicate which bytes to consider
    	'''

    bitfield(self, key, default_overflow=None)
        '''
        Return a BitFieldOperation instance to conveniently construct one or
        more bitfield operations on ``key``.
    	'''

    bitop(self, operation, dest, *keys)
        '''
        Perform a bitwise operation using ``operation`` between ``keys`` and
        store the result in ``dest``.
    	'''

    bitpos(self, key, bit, start=None, end=None)
        '''
        Return the position of the first bit set to 1 or 0 in a string.
        ``start`` and ``end`` difines search range. The range is interpreted
        as a range of bytes and not a range of bits, so start=0 and end=2
        means to look at the first three bytes.
    	'''

    blpop(self, keys, timeout=0)
        '''
        LPOP a value off of the first non-empty list
        named in the ``keys`` list.
        
        If none of the lists in ``keys`` has a value to LPOP, then block
        for ``timeout`` seconds, or until a value gets pushed on to one
        of the lists.
        
        If timeout is 0, then block indefinitely.
    	'''

    brpop(self, keys, timeout=0)
    	'''
        RPOP a value off of the first non-empty list
        named in the ``keys`` list.
        
        If none of the lists in ``keys`` has a value to RPOP, then block
        for ``timeout`` seconds, or until a value gets pushed on to one
        of the lists.
        
        If timeout is 0, then block indefinitely.
        '''
    
    brpoplpush(self, src, dst, timeout=0)
        '''
        Pop a value off the tail of ``src``, push it on the head of ``dst``
        and then return it.
        
        This command blocks until a value is in ``src`` or until ``timeout``
        seconds elapse, whichever is first. A ``timeout`` value of 0 blocks
        forever.
    	'''

    bzpopmax(self, keys, timeout=0)
        '''
        ZPOPMAX a value off of the first non-empty sorted set
        named in the ``keys`` list.
        
        If none of the sorted sets in ``keys`` has a value to ZPOPMAX,
        then block for ``timeout`` seconds, or until a member gets added
        to one of the sorted sets.
        
        If timeout is 0, then block indefinitely.
    	'''

    bzpopmin(self, keys, timeout=0)
        '''
        ZPOPMIN a value off of the first non-empty sorted set
        named in the ``keys`` list.
        
        If none of the sorted sets in ``keys`` has a value to ZPOPMIN,
        then block for ``timeout`` seconds, or until a member gets added
        to one of the sorted sets.
        
        If timeout is 0, then block indefinitely.
    	'''

    client_getname(self)
        '''Returns the current connection name'''
    
    client_id(self)
        '''Returns the current connection id'''
    
    client_kill(self, address)
        '''Disconnects the client at ``address`` (ip:port)'''
    
    client_kill_filter(self, _id=None, _type=None, addr=None, skipme=None)
        '''
        Disconnects client(s) using a variety of filter options
        :param id: Kills a client by its unique ID field
        :param type: Kills a client by type where type is one of 'normal',
        'master', 'slave' or 'pubsub'
        :param addr: Kills a client by its 'address:port'
        :param skipme: If True, then the client calling the command
        will not get killed even if it is identified by one of the filter
        options. If skipme is not provided, the server defaults to skipme=True
    	'''

    client_list(self, _type=None)
        '''
        Returns a list of currently connected clients.
        If type of client specified, only that type will be returned.
        :param _type: optional. one of the client types (normal, master,
         replica, pubsub)
    	'''

    client_pause(self, timeout)
        '''
        Suspend all the Redis clients for the specified amount of time
        :param timeout: milliseconds to pause clients
    	'''

    client_setname(self, name)
        '''Sets the current connection name'''
    
    client_unblock(self, client_id, error=False)
        '''
        Unblocks a connection by its client id.
        If ``error`` is True, unblocks the client with a special error message.
        If ``error`` is False (default), the client is unblocked using the
        regular timeout mechanism.
        '''
    
    cluster(self, cluster_arg, *args)
    
    config_get(self, pattern='*')
        '''Return a dictionary of configuration based on the ``pattern``'''
    
    config_resetstat(self)
        '''Reset runtime statistics'''
    
    config_rewrite(self)
        '''Rewrite config file with the minimal change to reflect running config'''
    
    config_set(self, name, value)
        '''Set config item ``name`` with ``value``'''
    
    dbsize(self)
        '''Returns the number of keys in the current database'''
    
    debug_object(self, key)
        '''Returns version specific meta information about a given key'''
    
    decr(self, name, amount=1)
        '''
        Decrements the value of ``key`` by ``amount``.  If no key exists,
        the value will be initialized as 0 - ``amount``
    	'''

    decrby(self, name, amount=1)
        '''
        Decrements the value of ``key`` by ``amount``.  If no key exists,
        the value will be initialized as 0 - ``amount``
    	'''

    delete(self, *names)
        '''Delete one or more keys specified by ``names``'''
    
    dump(self, name)
        '''
        Return a serialized version of the value stored at the specified key.
        If key does not exist a nil bulk reply is returned.
    	'''

    echo(self, value)
        '''Echo the string back from the server'''
    
    eval(self, script, numkeys, *keys_and_args)
        '''
        Execute the Lua ``script``, specifying the ``numkeys`` the script
        will touch and the key names and argument values in ``keys_and_args``.
        Returns the result of the script.
        
        In practice, use the object returned by ``register_script``. This
        function exists purely for Redis API completion.
    	'''

    evalsha(self, sha, numkeys, *keys_and_args)
        '''
        Use the ``sha`` to execute a Lua script already registered via EVAL
        or SCRIPT LOAD. Specify the ``numkeys`` the script will touch and the
        key names and argument values in ``keys_and_args``. Returns the result
        of the script.
        
        In practice, use the object returned by ``register_script``. This
        function exists purely for Redis API completion.
    	'''

    execute_command(self, *args, **options)
        '''Execute a command and return a parsed response'''
    
    exists(self, *names)
       ''' Returns the number of ``names`` that exist'''
    
    expire(self, name, time)
        '''
        Set an expire flag on key ``name`` for ``time`` seconds. ``time``
        can be represented by an integer or a Python timedelta object.
    	'''

    expireat(self, name, when)
        '''
        Set an expire flag on key ``name``. ``when`` can be represented
        as an integer indicating unix time or a Python datetime object.
    	'''

    flushall(self, asynchronous=False)
        '''
        Delete all keys in all databases on the current host.
        
        ``asynchronous`` indicates whether the operation is
        executed asynchronously by the server.
    	'''

    flushdb(self, asynchronous=False)
    	'''
        Delete all keys in the current database.
        
        ``asynchronous`` indicates whether the operation is
        executed asynchronously by the server.
    	'''

    geoadd(self, name, *values)
        '''
        Add the specified geospatial items to the specified key identified
        by the ``name`` argument. The Geospatial items are given as ordered
        members of the ``values`` argument, each item or place is formed by
        the triad longitude, latitude and name.
    	'''

    geodist(self, name, place1, place2, unit=None)
        '''
        Return the distance between ``place1`` and ``place2`` members of the
        ``name`` key.
        The units must be one of the following : m, km mi, ft. By default
        meters are used.
    	'''

    geohash(self, name, *values)
        '''
        Return the geo hash string for each item of ``values`` members of
        the specified key identified by the ``name`` argument.
    	'''

    geopos(self, name, *values)
        '''
        Return the positions of each item of ``values`` as members of
        the specified key identified by the ``name`` argument. Each position
        is represented by the pairs lon and lat.
    	'''

    georadius(self, name, longitude, latitude, radius, unit=None, withdist=False, withcoord=False, withhash=False, count=None, sort=None, store=None, store_dist=None)
        '''
        Return the members of the specified key identified by the
        ``name`` argument which are within the borders of the area specified
        with the ``latitude`` and ``longitude`` location and the maximum
        distance from the center specified by the ``radius`` value.
        
        The units must be one of the following : m, km mi, ft. By default
        
        ``withdist`` indicates to return the distances of each place.
        
        ``withcoord`` indicates to return the latitude and longitude of
        each place.
        
        ``withhash`` indicates to return the geohash string of each place.
        
        ``count`` indicates to return the number of elements up to N.
        
        ``sort`` indicates to return the places in a sorted way, ASC for
        nearest to fairest and DESC for fairest to nearest.
        
        ``store`` indicates to save the places names in a sorted set named
        with a specific key, each element of the destination sorted set is
        populated with the score got from the original geo sorted set.
        
        ``store_dist`` indicates to save the places names in a sorted set
        named with a specific key, instead of ``store`` the sorted set
        destination score is set with the distance.
    	'''

    georadiusbymember(self, name, member, radius, unit=None, withdist=False, withcoord=False, withhash=False, count=None, sort=None, store=None, store_dist=None)
        '''
        This command is exactly like ``georadius`` with the sole difference
        that instead of taking, as the center of the area to query, a longitude
        and latitude value, it takes the name of a member already existing
        inside the geospatial index represented by the sorted set.
    	'''

    get(self, name)
        '''Return the value at key ``name``, or None if the key doesn't exist'''
    
    getbit(self, name, offset)
        '''Returns a boolean indicating the value of ``offset`` in ``name``'''
    
    getrange(self, key, start, end)
        '''
        Returns the substring of the string value stored at ``key``,
        determined by the offsets ``start`` and ``end`` (both are inclusive)
    	'''

    getset(self, name, value)
        '''
        Sets the value at key ``name`` to ``value``
        and returns the old value at key ``name`` atomically.
    	'''

    hdel(self, name, *keys)
        '''Delete ``keys`` from hash ``name``'''
    
    hexists(self, name, key)
        '''Returns a boolean indicating if ``key`` exists within hash ``name``'''
    
    hget(self, name, key)
        '''Return the value of ``key`` within the hash ``name``'''
    
    hgetall(self, name)
        '''Return a Python dict of the hash's name/value pairs'''
    
    hincrby(self, name, key, amount=1)
        '''Increment the value of ``key`` in hash ``name`` by ``amount``'''
    
    hincrbyfloat(self, name, key, amount=1.0)
        '''Increment the value of ``key`` in hash ``name`` by floating ``amount``'''
    
    hkeys(self, name)
        '''Return the list of keys within hash ``name``'''
    
    hlen(self, name)
        '''Return the number of elements in hash ``name``'''
    
    hmget(self, name, keys, *args)
        '''Returns a list of values ordered identically to ``keys``'''
    
    hmset(self, name, mapping)
        ''' 
        Set key to value within hash ``name`` for each corresponding
        key and value from the ``mapping`` dict.
        '''
    
    hscan(self, name, cursor=0, match=None, count=None)
        '''
        Incrementally return key/value slices in a hash. Also return a cursor
        indicating the scan position.
        
        ``match`` allows for filtering the keys by pattern
        
        ``count`` allows for hint the minimum number of returns
        '''
    
    hscan_iter(self, name, match=None, count=None)
        '''
        Make an iterator using the HSCAN command so that the client doesn't
        need to remember the cursor position.
        
        ``match`` allows for filtering the keys by pattern
        
        ``count`` allows for hint the minimum number of returns
    	'''

    hset(self, name, key, value)
    	'''
        Set ``key`` to ``value`` within hash ``name``
        Returns 1 if HSET created a new field, otherwise 0
    	'''

    hsetnx(self, name, key, value)
    	'''
        Set ``key`` to ``value`` within hash ``name`` if ``key`` does not
        exist.  Returns 1 if HSETNX created a field, otherwise 0.
    	'''

    hstrlen(self, name, key)
        '''
        Return the number of bytes stored in the value of ``key``
        within hash ``name``
    	'''

    hvals(self, name)
        '''Return the list of values within hash ``name``'''
    
    incr(self, name, amount=1)
        '''
        Increments the value of ``key`` by ``amount``.  If no key exists,
        the value will be initialized as ``amount``
    	'''

    incrby(self, name, amount=1)
        '''
        Increments the value of ``key`` by ``amount``.  If no key exists,
        the value will be initialized as ``amount``
    	'''

    incrbyfloat(self, name, amount=1.0)
        '''
        Increments the value at key ``name`` by floating ``amount``.
        If no key exists, the value will be initialized as ``amount``
    	'''

    info(self, section=None)
        '''
        Returns a dictionary containing information about the Redis server
        
        The ``section`` option can be used to select a specific section
        of information
        
        The section option is not supported by older versions of Redis Server,
        and will generate ResponseError
    	'''

    keys(self, pattern='*')
        '''Returns a list of keys matching ``pattern``'''
    
    lastsave(self)
        '''
        Return a Python datetime object representing the last time the
        Redis database was saved to disk
        '''
    
    lindex(self, name, index)
    	'''
        Return the item from list ``name`` at position ``index``
        
        Negative indexes are supported and will return an item at the
        end of the list
        '''
    
    linsert(self, name, where, refvalue, value)
    	'''
        Insert ``value`` in list ``name`` either immediately before or after
        [``where``] ``refvalue``
        
        Returns the new length of the list on success or -1 if ``refvalue``
        is not in the list.
        '''
    
    llen(self, name)
        '''Return the length of the list ``name``'''
    
    lock(self, name, timeout=None, sleep=0.1, blocking_timeout=None, lock_class=None, thread_local=True)
        '''
        Return a new Lock object using key ``name`` that mimics
        the behavior of threading.Lock.
        
        If specified, ``timeout`` indicates a maximum life for the lock.
        By default, it will remain locked until release() is called.
        
        ``sleep`` indicates the amount of time to sleep per loop iteration
        when the lock is in blocking mode and another client is currently
        holding the lock.
        
        ``blocking_timeout`` indicates the maximum amount of time in seconds to
        spend trying to acquire the lock. A value of ``None`` indicates
        continue trying forever. ``blocking_timeout`` can be specified as a
        float or integer, both representing the number of seconds to wait.
        
        ``lock_class`` forces the specified lock implementation.
        
        ``thread_local`` indicates whether the lock token is placed in
        thread-local storage. By default, the token is placed in thread local
        storage so that a thread only sees its token, not a token set by
        another thread. Consider the following timeline:
        
            time: 0, thread-1 acquires `my-lock`, with a timeout of 5 seconds.
                     thread-1 sets the token to "abc"
            time: 1, thread-2 blocks trying to acquire `my-lock` using the
                     Lock instance.
            time: 5, thread-1 has not yet completed. redis expires the lock
                     key.
            time: 5, thread-2 acquired `my-lock` now that it's available.
                     thread-2 sets the token to "xyz"
            time: 6, thread-1 finishes its work and calls release(). if the
                     token is *not* stored in thread local storage, then
                     thread-1 would see the token value as "xyz" and would be
                     able to successfully release the thread-2's lock.
        
        In some use cases it's necessary to disable thread local storage. For
        example, if you have code where one thread acquires a lock and passes
        that lock instance to a worker thread to release later. If thread
        local storage isn't disabled in this case, the worker thread won't see
        the token set by the thread that acquired the lock. Our assumption
        is that these cases aren't common and as such default to using
        thread local storage.
    	'''

    lpop(self, name)
        '''Remove and return the first item of the list ``name``'''
    
    lpush(self, name, *values)
        '''Push ``values`` onto the head of the list ``name``'''
    
    lpushx(self, name, value)
        '''Push ``value`` onto the head of the list ``name`` if ``name`` exists'''
    
    lrange(self, name, start, end)
        '''
        Return a slice of the list ``name`` between
        position ``start`` and ``end``
        
        ``start`` and ``end`` can be negative numbers just like
        Python slicing notation
        '''
    
    lrem(self, name, count, value)
        '''
        Remove the first ``count`` occurrences of elements equal to ``value``
        from the list stored at ``name``.
        
        The count argument influences the operation in the following ways:
            count > 0: Remove elements equal to value moving from head to tail.
            count < 0: Remove elements equal to value moving from tail to head.
            count = 0: Remove all elements equal to value.
        '''
    
    lset(self, name, index, value)
        '''Set ``position`` of list ``name`` to ``value``'''
    
    ltrim(self, name, start, end)
    	'''
        Trim the list ``name``, removing all values not within the slice
        between ``start`` and ``end``
        
        ``start`` and ``end`` can be negative numbers just like
        Python slicing notation
    	'''

    memory_purge(self)
        '''Attempts to purge dirty pages for reclamation by allocator'''
    
    memory_usage(self, key, samples=None)
        '''
        Return the total memory usage for key, its value and associated
        administrative overheads.
        
        For nested data structures, ``samples`` is the number of elements to
        sample. If left unspecified, the server's default is 5. Use 0 to sample
        all elements.
        '''
    
    mget(self, keys, *args)
       ''' Returns a list of values ordered identically to ``keys``'''
    
    migrate(self, host, port, keys, destination_db, timeout, copy=False, replace=False, auth=None)
        '''
        Migrate 1 or more keys from the current Redis server to a different
        server specified by the ``host``, ``port`` and ``destination_db``.
        
        The ``timeout``, specified in milliseconds, indicates the maximum
        time the connection between the two servers can be idle before the
        command is interrupted.
        
        If ``copy`` is True, the specified ``keys`` are NOT deleted from
        the source server.
        
        If ``replace`` is True, this operation will overwrite the keys
        on the destination server if they exist.
        
        If ``auth`` is specified, authenticate to the destination server with
        the password provided.
    	'''

    move(self, name, db)
        '''Moves the key ``name`` to a different Redis database ``db``'''
    
    mset(self, mapping)
        '''
        Sets key/values based on a mapping. Mapping is a dictionary of
        key/value pairs. Both keys and values should be strings or types that
        can be cast to a string via str().
        '''
    
    msetnx(self, mapping)
        '''
        Sets key/values based on a mapping if none of the keys are already set.
        Mapping is a dictionary of key/value pairs. Both keys and values
        should be strings or types that can be cast to a string via str().
        Returns a boolean indicating if the operation was successful.
        '''
    
    object(self, infotype, key)
        '''Return the encoding, idletime, or refcount about the key'''
    
    parse_response(self, connection, command_name, **options)
        '''Parses a response from the Redis server'''
    
    persist(self, name)
        '''Removes an expiration on ``name``'''
    
    pexpire(self, name, time)
        '''
        Set an expire flag on key ``name`` for ``time`` milliseconds.
        ``time`` can be represented by an integer or a Python timedelta
        object.
        '''
    
    pexpireat(self, name, when)
        '''
        Set an expire flag on key ``name``. ``when`` can be represented
        as an integer representing unix time in milliseconds (unix time * 1000)
        or a Python datetime object.
        '''
    
    pfadd(self, name, *values)
        '''Adds the specified elements to the specified HyperLogLog.'''
    
    pfcount(self, *sources)
        '''
        Return the approximated cardinality of
        the set observed by the HyperLogLog at key(s).
        '''
    
    pfmerge(self, dest, *sources)
        '''Merge N different HyperLogLogs into a single one.'''
    
    ping(self)
        '''Ping the Redis server'''
    
    pipeline(self, transaction=True, shard_hint=None)
        '''
        Return a new pipeline object that can queue multiple commands for
        later execution. ``transaction`` indicates whether all commands
        should be executed atomically. Apart from making a group of operations
        atomic, pipelines are useful for reducing the back-and-forth overhead
        between the client and server.
        '''
    
    psetex(self, name, time_ms, value)
        '''
        Set the value of key ``name`` to ``value`` that expires in ``time_ms``
        milliseconds. ``time_ms`` can be represented by an integer or a Python
        timedelta object
        '''
    
    pttl(self, name)
        '''Returns the number of milliseconds until the key ``name`` will expire'''
    
    publish(self, channel, message)
        '''
        Publish ``message`` on ``channel``.
        Returns the number of subscribers the message was delivered to.
    	'''

    pubsub(self, **kwargs)
        '''
        Return a Publish/Subscribe object. With this object, you can
        subscribe to channels and listen for messages that get published to
        them.
        '''
    
    pubsub_channels(self, pattern='*')
        '''Return a list of channels that have at least one subscriber'''
    
    pubsub_numpat(self)
        '''Returns the number of subscriptions to patterns'''
    
    pubsub_numsub(self, *args)
        '''
        Return a list of (channel, number of subscribers) tuples
        for each channel given in ``*args``
    	'''

    randomkey(self)
        '''Returns the name of a random key'''
    
    register_script(self, script)
        '''
        Register a Lua ``script`` specifying the ``keys`` it will touch.
        Returns a Script object that is callable and hides the complexity of
        deal with scripts, keys, and shas. This is the preferred way to work
        with Lua scripts.
        '''
    
    rename(self, src, dst)
        '''Rename key ``src`` to ``dst``'''
    
    renamenx(self, src, dst)
        '''Rename key ``src`` to ``dst`` if ``dst`` doesn't already exist'''
    
    restore(self, name, ttl, value, replace=False)
        '''
        Create a key using the provided serialized value, previously obtained
        using DUMP.
    	'''

    rpop(self, name)
        '''Remove and return the last item of the list ``name``'''
    
    rpoplpush(self, src, dst)
        '''
        RPOP a value off of the ``src`` list and atomically LPUSH it
        on to the ``dst`` list.  Returns the value.
        '''
    
    rpush(self, name, *values)
        '''Push ``values`` onto the tail of the list ``name``'''
    
    rpushx(self, name, value)
        '''Push ``value`` onto the tail of the list ``name`` if ``name`` exists'''
    
    sadd(self, name, *values)
        '''Add ``value(s)`` to set ``name``'''
    
    save(self)
        '''
        Tell the Redis server to save its data to disk,
        blocking until the save is complete
        '''
    
    scan(self, cursor=0, match=None, count=None)
        '''
        Incrementally return lists of key names. Also return a cursor
        indicating the scan position.
        
        ``match`` allows for filtering the keys by pattern
        
        ``count`` allows for hint the minimum number of returns
        '''
    
    scan_iter(self, match=None, count=None)
    	'''
        Make an iterator using the SCAN command so that the client doesn't
        need to remember the cursor position.
        
        ``match`` allows for filtering the keys by pattern
        
        ``count`` allows for hint the minimum number of returns
    	'''
    scard(self, name)
        '''Return the number of elements in set ``name``'''
    
    script_exists(self, *args)
    '''
        Check if a script exists in the script cache by specifying the SHAs of
        each script as ``args``. Returns a list of boolean values indicating if
        if each already script exists in the cache.
    '''

    script_flush(self)
        '''Flush all scripts from the script cache'''
    
    script_kill(self)
        '''Kill the currently executing Lua script'''
    
    script_load(self, script)
        '''Load a Lua ``script`` into the script cache. Returns the SHA.'''
    
    sdiff(self, keys, *args)
        '''Return the difference of sets specified by ``keys``'''
    
    sdiffstore(self, dest, keys, *args)
    '''    
        Store the difference of sets specified by ``keys`` into a new
        set named ``dest``.  Returns the number of keys in the new set.
    '''

    sentinel(self, *args)
        '''Redis Sentinel's SENTINEL command.'''
    
    sentinel_get_master_addr_by_name(self, service_name)
        '''Returns a (host, port) pair for the given ``service_name``'''
    
    sentinel_master(self, service_name)
        '''Returns a dictionary containing the specified masters state.'''
    
    sentinel_masters(self)
        '''Returns a list of dictionaries containing each master's state.'''
    
    sentinel_monitor(self, name, ip, port, quorum)
        '''Add a new master to Sentinel to be monitored'''
    
    sentinel_remove(self, name)
        '''Remove a master from Sentinel's monitoring'''
    
    sentinel_sentinels(self, service_name)
        '''Returns a list of sentinels for ``service_name``'''
    
    sentinel_set(self, name, option, value)
        '''Set Sentinel monitoring parameters for a given master'''
    
    sentinel_slaves(self, service_name)
        '''Returns a list of slaves for ``service_name``'''
    
    set(self, name, value, ex=None, px=None, nx=False, xx=False)
    '''    
        Set the value at key ``name`` to ``value``
        
        ``ex`` sets an expire flag on key ``name`` for ``ex`` seconds.
        
        ``px`` sets an expire flag on key ``name`` for ``px`` milliseconds.
        
        ``nx`` if set to True, set the value at key ``name`` to ``value`` only
            if it does not exist.
        
        ``xx`` if set to True, set the value at key ``name`` to ``value`` only
            if it already exists.
    '''

    set_response_callback(self, command, callback)
        '''Set a custom Response Callback'''
    
    setbit(self, name, offset, value)
    '''
        Flag the ``offset`` in ``name`` as ``value``. Returns a boolean
        indicating the previous value of ``offset``.
    '''

    setex(self, name, time, value)
    '''
        Set the value of key ``name`` to ``value`` that expires in ``time``
        seconds. ``time`` can be represented by an integer or a Python
        timedelta object.
    '''

    setnx(self, name, value)
        '''Set the value of key ``name`` to ``value`` if key doesn't exist'''
    
    setrange(self, name, offset, value)
    '''
        Overwrite bytes in the value of ``name`` starting at ``offset`` with
        ``value``. If ``offset`` plus the length of ``value`` exceeds the
        length of the original value, the new value will be larger than before.
        If ``offset`` exceeds the length of the original value, null bytes
        will be used to pad between the end of the previous value and the start
        of what's being injected.
        
        Returns the length of the new string.
    '''

    shutdown(self, save=False, nosave=False)
    '''
        Shutdown the Redis server.  If Redis has persistence configured,
        data will be flushed before shutdown.  If the "save" option is set,
        a data flush will be attempted even if there is no persistence
        configured.  If the "nosave" option is set, no data flush will be
        attempted.  The "save" and "nosave" options cannot both be set.
    '''
    
    sinter(self, keys, *args)
        '''Return the intersection of sets specified by ``keys``'''
    
    sinterstore(self, dest, keys, *args)
    '''
        Store the intersection of sets specified by ``keys`` into a new
        set named ``dest``.  Returns the number of keys in the new set.
    '''

    sismember(self, name, value)
        '''Return a boolean indicating if ``value`` is a member of set ``name``'''
    
    slaveof(self, host=None, port=None)
    '''    
        Set the server to be a replicated slave of the instance identified
        by the ``host`` and ``port``. If called without arguments, the
        instance is promoted to a master instead.
    '''

    slowlog_get(self, num=None)
    '''
        Get the entries from the slowlog. If ``num`` is specified, get the
        most recent ``num`` items.
    '''

    slowlog_len(self)
        '''Get the number of items in the slowlog'''
    
    slowlog_reset(self)
        '''Remove all items in the slowlog'''
    
    smembers(self, name)
        '''Return all members of the set ``name``'''
    
    smove(self, src, dst, value)
        '''Move ``value`` from set ``src`` to set ``dst`` atomically'''
    
    sort(self, name, start=None, num=None, by=None, get=None, desc=False, alpha=False, store=None, groups=False)
    '''
        Sort and return the list, set or sorted set at ``name``.
        
        ``start`` and ``num`` allow for paging through the sorted data
        
        ``by`` allows using an external key to weight and sort the items.
            Use an "*" to indicate where in the key the item value is located
        
        ``get`` allows for returning items from external keys rather than the
            sorted data itself.  Use an "*" to indicate where int he key
            the item value is located
        
        ``desc`` allows for reversing the sort
        
        ``alpha`` allows for sorting lexicographically rather than numerically
        
        ``store`` allows for storing the result of the sort into
            the key ``store``
        
        ``groups`` if set to True and if ``get`` contains at least two
            elements, sort will return a list of tuples, each containing the
            values fetched from the arguments to ``get``.
    '''

    spop(self, name, count=None)
        '''Remove and return a random member of set ``name``'''
    
    srandmember(self, name, number=None)
    '''    
    	If ``number`` is None, returns a random member of set ``name``.
        
        If ``number`` is supplied, returns a list of ``number`` random
        memebers of set ``name``. Note this is only available when running
        Redis 2.6+.
    '''

    srem(self, name, *values)
        '''Remove ``values`` from set ``name``'''
    
    sscan(self, name, cursor=0, match=None, count=None)
    '''
        Incrementally return lists of elements in a set. Also return a cursor
        indicating the scan position.
        
        ``match`` allows for filtering the keys by pattern
        
        ``count`` allows for hint the minimum number of returns
    '''

    sscan_iter(self, name, match=None, count=None)
    '''
        Make an iterator using the SSCAN command so that the client doesn't
        need to remember the cursor position.
        
        ``match`` allows for filtering the keys by pattern
        
        ``count`` allows for hint the minimum number of returns
    '''

    strlen(self, name)
        '''Return the number of bytes stored in the value of ``name``'''
    
    substr(self, name, start, end=-1)
    '''
        Return a substring of the string at key ``name``. ``start`` and ``end``
        are 0-based integers specifying the portion of the string to return.
    '''

    sunion(self, keys, *args)
        '''Return the union of sets specified by ``keys``'''
    
    sunionstore(self, dest, keys, *args)
    '''
        Store the union of sets specified by ``keys`` into a new
        set named ``dest``.  Returns the number of keys in the new set.
    '''

    swapdb(self, first, second)
        '''Swap two databases'''
    
    time(self)
    '''    
    	Returns the server time as a 2-item tuple of ints:
        (seconds since epoch, microseconds into this second).
    '''

    touch(self, *args)
    '''
        Alters the last access time of a key(s) ``*args``. A key is ignored
        if it does not exist.
    '''

    transaction(self, func, *watches, **kwargs)
    '''
        Convenience method for executing the callable `func` as a transaction
        while watching all keys specified in `watches`. The 'func' callable
        should expect a single argument which is a Pipeline object.
    '''

    ttl(self, name)
        '''Returns the number of seconds until the key ``name`` will expire'''
    
    type(self, name)
        '''Returns the type of key ``name``'''
    
    unlink(self, *names)
        '''Unlink one or more keys specified by ``names``'''
    
    unwatch(self)
        '''Unwatches the value at key ``name``, or None of the key doesn't exist'''
    
    wait(self, num_replicas, timeout)
    '''
        Redis synchronous replication
        That returns the number of replicas that processed the query when
        we finally have at least ``num_replicas``, or when the ``timeout`` was
        reached.
    '''

    watch(self, *names)
        '''Watches the values at keys ``names``, or None if the key doesn't exist'''
    
    xack(self, name, groupname, *ids)
    '''    
    	Acknowledges the successful processing of one or more messages.
        name: name of the stream.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
        *ids: message ids to acknowlege.
    '''

    xadd(self, name, fields, id='*', maxlen=None, approximate=True)
    '''
        Add to a stream.
        name: name of the stream
        fields: dict of field/value pairs to insert into the stream
        id: Location to insert this record. By default it is appended.
        maxlen: truncate old stream members beyond this size
        approximate: actual stream length may be slightly more than maxlen
    '''

    xclaim(self, name, groupname, consumername, min_idle_time, message_ids, idle=None, time=None, retrycount=None, force=False, justid=False)
    '''
        Changes the ownership of a pending message.
        name: name of the stream.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
        consumername: name of a consumer that claims the message.
        min_idle_time: filter messages that were idle less than this amount of
        milliseconds
        message_ids: non-empty list or tuple of message IDs to claim
        idle: optional. Set the idle time (last time it was delivered) of the
         message in ms
        time: optional integer. This is the same as idle but instead of a
         relative amount of milliseconds, it sets the idle time to a specific
         Unix time (in milliseconds).
        retrycount: optional integer. set the retry counter to the specified
         value. This counter is incremented every time a message is delivered
         again.
        force: optional boolean, false by default. Creates the pending message
         entry in the PEL even if certain specified IDs are not already in the
         PEL assigned to a different client.
        justid: optional boolean, false by default. Return just an array of IDs
         of messages successfully claimed, without returning the actual message
    '''

    xdel(self, name, *ids)
    '''
        Deletes one or more messages from a stream.
        name: name of the stream.
        *ids: message ids to delete.
    '''

    xgroup_create(self, name, groupname, id='$', mkstream=False)
    '''
        Create a new consumer group associated with a stream.
        name: name of the stream.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
        id: ID of the last item in the stream to consider already delivered.
    '''

    xgroup_delconsumer(self, name, groupname, consumername)
    '''
        Remove a specific consumer from a consumer group.
        Returns the number of pending messages that the consumer had before it
        was deleted.
        name: name of the stream.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
        consumername: name of consumer to delete
    '''

    xgroup_destroy(self, name, groupname)
    ''' 
        Destroy a consumer group.
        name: name of the stream.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
    '''

    xgroup_setid(self, name, groupname, id)
    '''
        Set the consumer group last delivered ID to something else.
        name: name of the stream.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
        id: ID of the last item in the stream to consider already delivered.
    '''

    xinfo_consumers(self, name, groupname)
    '''
        Returns general information about the consumers in the group.
        name: name of the stream.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
    '''

    xinfo_groups(self, name)
    '''
        Returns general information about the consumer groups of the stream.
        name: name of the stream.
    '''

    xinfo_stream(self, name)
    '''
        Returns general information about the stream.
        name: name of the stream.
    '''

    xlen(self, name)
        '''Returns the number of elements in a given stream.'''
    
    xpending(self, name, groupname)
    '''
        Returns information about pending messages of a group.
        name: name of the stream.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
    '''

    xpending_range(self, name, groupname, min, max, count, consumername=None)
    '''
        Returns information about pending messages, in a range.
        name: name of the stream.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
        min: minimum stream ID.
        max: maximum stream ID.
        count: number of messages to return
        consumername: name of a consumer to filter by (optional).
    '''

    xrange(self, name, min='-', max='+', count=None)
    '''
        Read stream values within an interval.
        name: name of the stream.
        start: first stream ID. defaults to '-',
               meaning the earliest available.
        finish: last stream ID. defaults to '+',
                meaning the latest available.
        count: if set, only return this many items, beginning with the
               earliest available.
    '''

    xread(self, streams, count=None, block=None)
    '''
        Block and monitor multiple streams for new data.
        streams: a dict of stream names to stream IDs, where
                   IDs indicate the last ID already seen.
        count: if set, only return this many items, beginning with the
               earliest available.
        block: number of milliseconds to wait, if nothing already present.
    '''

    xreadgroup(self, groupname, consumername, streams, count=None, block=None, noack=False)
    '''
        Read from a stream via a consumer group.
        groupname: name of the consumer group.
        consumername: name of the requesting consumer.
        streams: a dict of stream names to stream IDs, where
               IDs indicate the last ID already seen.
        count: if set, only return this many items, beginning with the
               earliest available.
        block: number of milliseconds to wait, if nothing already present.
        noack: do not add messages to the PEL
    '''

    xrevrange(self, name, max='+', min='-', count=None)
    '''
        Read stream values within an interval, in reverse order.
        name: name of the stream
        start: first stream ID. defaults to '+',
               meaning the latest available.
        finish: last stream ID. defaults to '-',
                meaning the earliest available.
        count: if set, only return this many items, beginning with the
               latest available.
    '''

    xtrim(self, name, maxlen, approximate=True)
    '''
        Trims old messages from a stream.
        name: name of the stream.
        maxlen: truncate old stream messages beyond this size
        approximate: actual stream length may be slightly more than maxlen
    '''

    zadd(self, name, mapping, nx=False, xx=False, ch=False, incr=False)
    '''
        Set any number of element-name, score pairs to the key ``name``. Pairs
        are specified as a dict of element-names keys to score values.

        mapping    {'element-name':'score'}
        
        ``nx`` forces ZADD to only create new elements and not to update
        scores for elements that already exist.
        
        ``xx`` forces ZADD to only update scores of elements that already
        exist. New elements will not be added.
        
        ``ch`` modifies the return value to be the numbers of elements changed.
        Changed elements include new elements that were added and elements
        whose scores changed.
        
        ``incr`` modifies ZADD to behave like ZINCRBY. In this mode only a
        single element/score pair can be specified and the score is the amount
        the existing score will be incremented by. When using this mode the
        return value of ZADD will be the new score of the element.
        
        The return value of ZADD varies based on the mode specified. With no
        options, ZADD returns the number of new elements added to the sorted
        set.
    '''

    zcard(self, name)
        '''Return the number of elements in the sorted set ``name``'''
    
    zcount(self, name, min, max)
    '''
        Returns the number of elements in the sorted set at key ``name`` with
        a score between ``min`` and ``max``.
    '''

    zincrby(self, name, amount, value)
        '''Increment the score of ``value`` in sorted set ``name`` by ``amount``'''
    
    zinterstore(self, dest, keys, aggregate=None)
    '''
        Intersect multiple sorted sets specified by ``keys`` into
        a new sorted set, ``dest``. Scores in the destination will be
        aggregated based on the ``aggregate``, or SUM if none is provided.
    '''

    zlexcount(self, name, min, max)
    '''
        Return the number of items in the sorted set ``name`` between the
        lexicographical range ``min`` and ``max``.
    '''

    zpopmax(self, name, count=None)
    '''
        Remove and return up to ``count`` members with the highest scores
        from the sorted set ``name``.
    '''

    zpopmin(self, name, count=None)
    '''
        Remove and return up to ``count`` members with the lowest scores
        from the sorted set ``name``.
    '''

    zrange(self, name, start, end, desc=False, withscores=False, score_cast_func=<class 'float'>)
    '''
        Return a range of values from sorted set ``name`` between
        ``start`` and ``end`` sorted in ascending order.
        
        ``start`` and ``end`` can be negative, indicating the end of the range.
        
        ``desc`` a boolean indicating whether to sort the results descendingly
        
        ``withscores`` indicates to return the scores along with the values.
        The return type is a list of (value, score) pairs
        
        ``score_cast_func`` a callable used to cast the score return value
    '''

    zrangebylex(self, name, min, max, start=None, num=None)
    '''
        Return the lexicographical range of values from sorted set ``name``
        between ``min`` and ``max``.
        
        If ``start`` and ``num`` are specified, then return a slice of the
        range.
    '''

    zrangebyscore(self, name, min, max, start=None, num=None, withscores=False, score_cast_func=<class 'float'>)
    '''
        Return a range of values from the sorted set ``name`` with scores
        between ``min`` and ``max``.
        
        If ``start`` and ``num`` are specified, then return a slice
        of the range.
        
        ``withscores`` indicates to return the scores along with the values.
        The return type is a list of (value, score) pairs
        
        `score_cast_func`` a callable used to cast the score return value
    '''

    zrank(self, name, value)
    '''
        Returns a 0-based value indicating the rank of ``value`` in sorted set
        ``name``
    '''

    zrem(self, name, *values)
        '''Remove member ``values`` from sorted set ``name``'''
    
    zremrangebylex(self, name, min, max)
    '''
        Remove all elements in the sorted set ``name`` between the
        lexicographical range specified by ``min`` and ``max``.
        
        Returns the number of elements removed.
    '''

    zremrangebyrank(self, name, min, max)
    '''
        Remove all elements in the sorted set ``name`` with ranks between
        ``min`` and ``max``. Values are 0-based, ordered from smallest score
        to largest. Values can be negative indicating the highest scores.
        Returns the number of elements removed
    '''

    zremrangebyscore(self, name, min, max)
    '''
        Remove all elements in the sorted set ``name`` with scores
        between ``min`` and ``max``. Returns the number of elements removed.
    '''

    zrevrange(self, name, start, end, withscores=False, score_cast_func=<class 'float'>)
    '''
        Return a range of values from sorted set ``name`` between
        ``start`` and ``end`` sorted in descending order.
        
        ``start`` and ``end`` can be negative, indicating the end of the range.
        
        ``withscores`` indicates to return the scores along with the values
        The return type is a list of (value, score) pairs
        
        ``score_cast_func`` a callable used to cast the score return value
    '''

    zrevrangebylex(self, name, max, min, start=None, num=None)
    '''
        Return the reversed lexicographical range of values from sorted set
        ``name`` between ``max`` and ``min``.
        
        If ``start`` and ``num`` are specified, then return a slice of the
        range.
    '''

    zrevrangebyscore(self, name, max, min, start=None, num=None, withscores=False, score_cast_func=<class 'float'>)
    '''
        Return a range of values from the sorted set ``name`` with scores
        between ``min`` and ``max`` in descending order.
        
        If ``start`` and ``num`` are specified, then return a slice
        of the range.
        
        ``withscores`` indicates to return the scores along with the values.
        The return type is a list of (value, score) pairs
        
        ``score_cast_func`` a callable used to cast the score return value
    '''

    zrevrank(self, name, value)
    '''
        Returns a 0-based value indicating the descending rank of
        ``value`` in sorted set ``name``
    '''

    zscan(self, name, cursor=0, match=None, count=None, score_cast_func=<class 'float'>)
    '''
        Incrementally return lists of elements in a sorted set. Also return a
        cursor indicating the scan position.
        
        ``match`` allows for filtering the keys by pattern
        
        ``count`` allows for hint the minimum number of returns
        
        ``score_cast_func`` a callable used to cast the score return value
    '''

    zscan_iter(self, name, match=None, count=None, score_cast_func=<class 'float'>)
    '''
        Make an iterator using the ZSCAN command so that the client doesn't
        need to remember the cursor position.
        
        ``match`` allows for filtering the keys by pattern
        
        ``count`` allows for hint the minimum number of returns
        
        ``score_cast_func`` a callable used to cast the score return value
    '''

    zscore(self, name, value)
        '''Return the score of element ``value`` in sorted set ``name``'''
    
    zunionstore(self, dest, keys, aggregate=None)
    '''
        Union multiple sorted sets specified by ``keys`` into
        a new sorted set, ``dest``. Scores in the destination will be
        aggregated based on the ``aggregate``, or SUM if none is provided.
    '''

    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    '''Class methods defined here:'''
    
    from_url(url, db=None, **kwargs) from builtins.type
        '''
        Return a Redis client object configured from the given URL
        
        For example::
        
            redis://[:password]@localhost:6379/0
            rediss://[:password]@localhost:6379/0
            unix://[:password]@/path/to/socket.sock?db=0
        
        Three URL schemes are supported:
        
        - ```redis://``
          <http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes/prov/redis>`_ creates a
          normal TCP socket connection
        - ```rediss://``
          <http://www.iana.org/assignments/uri-schemes/prov/rediss>`_ creates a
          SSL wrapped TCP socket connection
        - ``unix://`` creates a Unix Domain Socket connection
        
        There are several ways to specify a database number. The parse function
        will return the first specified option:
            1. A ``db`` querystring option, e.g. redis://localhost?db=0
            2. If using the redis:// scheme, the path argument of the url, e.g.
               redis://localhost/0
            3. The ``db`` argument to this function.
        
        If none of these options are specified, db=0 is used.
        
        Any additional querystring arguments and keyword arguments will be
        passed along to the ConnectionPool class's initializer. In the case
        of conflicting arguments, querystring arguments always win.
    	'''

    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    '''Data descriptors defined here:'''
    
    __dict__
        '''dictionary for instance variables (if defined)'''
    
    __weakref__
        '''list of weak references to the object (if defined)'''
    
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    '''Data and other attributes defined here:'''
    
    RESPONSE_CALLBACKS = {'AUTH': <class 'bool'>, 'BGREWRITEAOF': <functio...
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